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Wednesday, June 30, 2010

A proof that there is no onto homomorphism from S_5 to S_4

Warning: contains maths, algebra even.

This is probably one of the most satisfying proofs that I've ever come up with (or at least remember coming up with). This is partly due to the fact it is non trivial, and partly due to the amount of time it took to come up with it.

Anyway, here's how it goes:

Suppose there is an onto homomorphism φ from S5 to S4.

By the first isomorphism theorem, S4S5/kerφ, so |kerφ|=|S5||S4|=5.

As this is prime, kerφ is cyclic.

Let x be an element that generates kerφ. x is an even permutation as x5=1kerφ, so sgn(x)5=1 and sgn(x)=1.

Therefore all elements of kerφ are even, so kerφA5, the alternating group.

But kerφ, so \mathrm{ker} \varphi \lhd A_5, which is a contradiction as A_5 is simple.

So there does not exist such a homomorphism.

Sure, I assumed that A_5 was simple, but we all know that, right?